Q.1 Name four styles of Indo-Islamic architecture.
इण्डो-इस्लामिक वास्तुकला की चार शैलियों के नाम बताइए।
Ans :
The study of Indo-Islamic architecture is conventionally categorised into
- The Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate)
- The Provincial Style (Mandu, Gujarat, Bengal, and Jaunpur)
- The Mughal Style (Delhi, Agra, and Lahore)
- The Deccani Style (Bijapur, Golconda).
| Source : Book: NCERT: Fine Arts 11th Class : Chapter 8 : Page 110 |
| Extra Info : Inhe yaad kar lena Indo-Islamic Architecture Features: Began: With Ghurid occupation of India (12th century AD). Islamic Construction Style: Based on arches, vaults, domes, columns, and slender spires (trabeate style). Distinctive Features: DomeLofty towers/minaretsArchVault Introduction of Arch: Replaced flat lintels and corbelled ceilings with arches and vaults.Replaced pyramidal roofs/spires with domes. Ornamentation Differences:Hindu Style: Naturalistic, depicting human/animal forms, vegetation.Islamic Style: Geometrical, arabesque patterns, ornamental writing, floral motifs (no human/animal depictions). New Architectural Features: Arches, domes, minars Pendentive, squinch arch, half-domed double portalsKiosks (Chhatris), concrete construction Innovations in Decoration: Gilding and multicolored painting.Use of concrete and lime mortar (like Romans).Lime plaster as decoration base (held enamel work on tiles).Stucco designs (left plain or filled with colors). Motifs & Colors: Floral designs (Indian and foreign).Colors: Blue, green, yellow, turquoise (since 14th century). Roof Structure:Central dome + smaller domes, chhatris, tiny minarets. Wall Panel Decoration:Tessellation (mosaic designs).Pietra dura (inlay of polished colored stones to create images). Examples : Taj mahal, Jama Masjid , Gol Gumbad, Red Fort NOTE: British Time architecture ko bhi padh lena |
