Q.9 Discuss the contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahma Samaj in the socio-religious reform movements of 19th century India.
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahma Samaj led the movement of Socio-Religious Reform Movements of the 19th Century with their significant contributions in different aspects.
- Pioneer of Indian Renaissance: Raja Ram Mohan Roy initiated social and religious reforms in Bengal, earning him the title of the pioneer of new consciousness and modern India. Example: Founded Brahma Samaj in 1828 to promote religious and social reforms.
- Opposition to Social Evils: He worked to abolish social evils like Sati, caste discrimination, and religious hypocrisy. Example: Apprised people that Sati had no religious approval in Hindu scriptures.\
- Promotion of Scientific Attitude and Human Dignity: Advocated for social equality, scientific thinking, and human dignity. Example: Established Vedanta College in Kolkata in 1825 to promote modern education.
- Multilingual Scholar and Writer: Promoted knowledge through various languages such as English, French, German, Latin, Hebrew, Persian, Bengali, and Hindi. Example: Published Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali), Mirat-ul-Akhbar (Persian), and Bangdoot (Hindi).
- Religious Reforms through Brahma Samaj: Brahma Samaj promoted monotheism, rational thinking, and condemned idol worship. Example: Devendra Nath Tagore revived Brahma Samaj in 1843, furthering its impact.
- Social Reforms: Encouraged women’s rights, opposed child marriage, and supported widow remarriage. Example: Keshav Chandra Sen, a leader of Brahma Samaj, opposed child marriage (though faced criticism for marrying his 13-year-old daughter to an aged ruler)
- Institution Building: Founded Atmiya Sabha (1814) and Brahma Sabha (1828) as platforms for reform. Example: These institutions later evolved into the influential Brahmo Samaj.
- Impact on Education: Promoted modern education and the study of multiple religions for a balanced perspective. Example: Studied Hindu, Islamic, and Christian scriptures to challenge religious dogmas.
- Division and Expansion of Brahma Samaj: Internal differences led to the formation of Adi Brahma Samaj (Devendra Nath Tagore) and Brahma Samaj of India (Keshav Chandra Sen), expanding the reach of reforms. Example: In 1878, progressive members established Sadharana Brahma Samaj due to differences with Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Legacy: Left an indelible mark on Indian society through his efforts in religion, education, and social reforms, inspiring future reformers. Example: His influence was seen in subsequent movements like Arya Samaj and Ramakrishna Mission.
| Source: RBSE 12th Class- History: Chapter-6: Page Number : 137 |
| Question to Think: Trace the evolution of Brahma Samaj after Raja Ram Mohan Roy, highlighting the roles played by Devendranath Tagore and Keshav Chandra Sen. Source: RBSE 12th Class- History: Chapter-6: Page Number : 137…….खुद से लिख के देखो |