Q.7 Discuss the Impact of Renaissance in the Field of Science.
Ans: Impact of Renaissance in the Field of Science.
- Freedom from Church Control:
- Renaissance provided an opportunity to break free from the control of the church.
- Encouraged independent thinking and curiosity about the secrets of nature.
- Scientific Vision: Francis Bacon emphasized gaining knowledge through observation and experiments.
- Scientific Revolution (16th Century): Marked the beginning of the scientific revolution in Europe.
- Copernicus and Heliocentrism: Polish scientist Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model, stating that the Earth revolves around the sun.
- Italian scientist Bruno supported Copernicus’ theory but was burned alive by the Roman priests for contradicting the Bible.
- Mathematical Evidence: German astronomer John Kepler provided mathematical evidence supporting Copernicus’ theories.
- Isaac Newton and Theory of Gravity: British scientist and mathematician Isaac Newton introduced the groundbreaking “Theory of Gravity.” Demonstrated that the world operates based on natural laws, not just the power of God.
- Role of Mathematics: French mathematician and philosopher Descartes emphasized the use of mathematics in geometry.
- Galileo’s Discoveries: Italian scientist Galileo (1564-1642) made significant discoveries: Developed the theory of the pendulum. Contributed to the invention of the barometer.
- Improved the telescope, enhancing astronomical observations.
| Source: RBSE 11th Class : World History |
| Keywords: Church Control , curiosity , Scientific Vision , Revolution , Copernicus and Heliocentrism, Copernicus’ theory , Mathematical Evidence, John Kepler |
| Extra Info: Causes of the Reformation Movement: Impact of Renaissance: Europe, freed from religious constraints by the Renaissance, embraced independent thinking.Intellectual consciousness challenged prevailing faiths, encouraging religious reform.Literature and humanism established a direct relation between individuals and God. Mischiefs in the Church: Church corruption, luxury, and sale of positions led to discontent.Pope’s unlimited powers and interference in politics generated opposition. Economic Causes: Kings sought more revenue, challenging tax-exempt clergy.Economic shifts led to a growing middle class, resisting church control. Ambition of Middle Class: Emerging middle class aimed for autonomy from Sea travels, financial exchanges, and tax resistance marked their revolt. Scientific Approach: Scientific advancements contradicted conservative religious beliefs.Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton’s ideas challenged traditional views. Interference of Pope in Politics: Church supremacy conflicted with national interests, leading to king-pope tensions.Kings challenged church authority and interference in state affairs. Intellectual Process: Intellectual opposition grew against the church’s immoral practices.Humanist thinkers prioritized life happiness over church doctrines. Immediate Cause – Sale of Indulgences: Pope’s sale of indulgences for sin redemption triggered opposition.Martin Luther’s strong opposition initiated the movement against Roman Catholicism |